Ecological footprint of Gansu Province, China between 1997 and 2002： changes and inducement

The calculation of Ecological Footprint （EF） on the basis of Input-Output model （I-O model） was advanced by Bicknell, and modified and improved hy Ferng who corrected the footprint＇s aggregation to each sectors. For the lack of sufficient teehnique to deal with the trade between the research areas and the rest of the world, it it necessary to improve this method. And a dynamic analysis of the change of footprint based on I-O model, which could explore the factor impacting the footprint using the ,special advantage of I-O model, ought to be put into practice. After introducing the new method in detail, we calculate and compare the EF and the change of Gansu Province in the northwest of China in 1997 and 2002. The result shows that there was an increase of EF in 2002 caused by final domestic demand. Further; the inerement in EF export was 2.0 × 10^5 ha and 1.6 × 10^6 ha in import. The out-of- region support dropped from 22.6% to 18. 6%. We introduce three factors causing the EF change based on the character of I-O model： the productivity of the resourve which is explained by the change of resource used to obtain one unit output in a sector, the improvement of the economics and the final demand. Finally, we find that the effects of the three factors on the EF change are not identical except the industry sectors and the change of factors in the agriculture and the industry sectors works notably.     

关于两岸合作建设台湾海峡(闽台)生态经济实验区的设想

本文提出两岸合作建设台湾海峡(闽台)生态经济实验区的设想。福建和台湾两地的经济面临被边缘化的风险,而且迄今无合适的对策。生态经济的理念日益深入人心,全国国土整治即将展开,生态经济实验区的设想因而是现实的。福建生态环境较好,有可能在生态经济建设中走在全国前列。台湾和福建地理特征相近,生态压力更大,双方合作有可行性,并可能为两岸的统一奠定基础。     

长江经济带生态环境保护与经济高质量发展的耦合协调关系及其影响因素

以长江经济带为研究地区构建生态环境保护与经济高质量评价指标体系。利用耦合协调模型、Dagum基尼系数、核密度和固定效应模型探究耦合协调度的时空特征、区域差异、动态演进特征及影响因素。结果表明：1）2008-2020年两系统发展指数均呈上升趋势。2）耦合协调度仍处于较低水平，具体表现为沿海下游省市>中心省市>上游省市。3）区域间差异是总体差异的主要来源，并且绝对差异缩小，梯度效应减弱。4）经济发展水平、人口聚集程度、产业结构升级和城镇化水平对耦合协调发展具有显著影响。     

论生态化体育的和谐与发展

随着工业革命以来所导致的全球性生态危机,以及世界社会政治格局的变化,生态体育正以它无穷的魅力,有力地冲击着当今竞技体育.本文通过查阅文献资料法,拟就对生态体育的和谐发展、产生诱发生态体育不和谐发展的各种原因、及促进生态体育与人,自然和谐发展的对策进行探讨,旨在达到实现人、自然和社会协调的和谐统一.     

An investigation of the relationships between compensation practices and firm performance in the US hotel industry

Drawing on a sample of 1223 US hotels, this paper examines the relationships between compensation (direct and indirect) practices in hotel organizations and their performance. The results show that in the case of management employees, direct compensation fully mediated the relationship between indirect compensation and hotel performance. In the case of non-management employees, however, such relationship was only partially mediated by direct compensation. It is therefore important for hotel industry HR executives to pay greater attention to the nature and level of benefits being offered to non-management employees. For management employees, on the other hand, it is more important to attend to the level of direct compensation in order to ensure higher levels of organizational performance.     

构建征地补偿的正当程序规制

征地公正补偿问题已成为土地征收中的热点和难点。公共选择的经济学实证方法论提供了分析征地补偿不公制度性因素的崭新视角。对征地补偿进行正当程序规制是次优的法治模式选择。     

The negative trade-off between risk and incentives: Evidence from the american whaling industry

This paper analyzes the trade-off between risk and incentives in the share contracts of the American whaling industry. Using a newly collected panel of 5378 individuals who sailed on more than 1000 whaling voyages from 1855–68, the response of sailors’ compensation to an increase in risk is estimated. The risks used to identify this response resulted from the commerce-raiding naval vessels of the Confederacy during the Civil War. As the Confederate cruisers sailed primarily in the Atlantic, and therefore posed far less of a threat to whaling voyages to other oceans, a quasi-experimental approach focusing on the differences between Atlantic voyages compared to others is implemented. The results are consistent with a negative trade-off between risk and incentives in the industry’s contracts. Moreover, evidence is found of selection among less risk-averse sailors and merchants into riskier voyages during the war.     

浅议我国生态环境保护的制度建设——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线的视角

为实现人与自然的和谐,对生态环境的保护日益重要。文章通过对环境库兹涅茨曲线进行剖析,揭示了环境保护事业的关键特征;并指出我国迫切需要加强生态资源产权制度改革,完善绿色税收制度,建立环保基金制度及公众参与制度,以实现对生态环境的保护。     

Ecological integrity as an economic variable: An application to forested landscapes in the southern United States

Ecological integrity is important to fully describe the development of an economy. We calculated an aggregate index that quantifies the closeness of a forested region to a natural state. This naturalness index was based on the diversity of native tree species and sizes for ecological subregions in a seral condition. The index used the spatial–temporal array of sample plots from the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database of the USDA Forest Service. In the 70 survey units of the southern US between 1961 and 2005 the naturalness of forests generally improved with per capita personal income and population. The increase with income was consistent with the hypothesis of an environmental Kuznets curve for forested landscapes.     

对中国跨区域水污染治理困境与出路的思考——经济学分析视角

由于忽视各地条件的差异性,采取统一的达标标准,导致各地利益分配不均,产生地方保护主义和消极抵制,使跨区域的水污染治理问题成为当前治污的难点.只有认真地对待各地方利益的差异性,统筹兼顾各方利益,改变治理思路,建立合理的补偿与激励机制,才能使跨区域水污染治理达到预期效果.